CHAPTER 14: Second Language Acquisition/Learning. Second Language Learning -a “foreign language” setting (learning a language that is not generally spoken in the surrounding community) -a “second language” setting (learning a language that is spoken in the surrounding community). Acquisition and Learning - Acquisition describes the gradual development over time of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations with others who know the language. - L earning applies to a more conscious process of accumulating knowledge through analysis of features of a language, such as vocabulary and grammar Acquisition Barriers Learning second language is more challenge than the first language The Age Factor - Around the time of puberty, it becomes very difficult - O ur inherent capacity for language being taken over by features of the L1, with a resulting loss of openness to receive the features of another langua...
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CHAPTER 13: FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Acquisition The first two or three years of development, a child requires interaction with other language-users in order to bring the general language capacity into contact with a particular language such as English. Input Under normal circumstances, human infants are certainly helped in their language acquisition by the typical behavior of older children and adults in the home environment who provide language samples, or input, for the child. Caregiver Speech A type of conversational structure that seems to assign an interactive role to the young child even before he or she becomes a speaking participant. The Acquisition Schedule All normal children develop language at roughly the same time, along much the same schedule. Since we can say the same thing for sitting up, crawling, standing, walking, using the hands and many other physical activities, it would seem that the language acquisition schedule has the same basis as the biological...
Chapter 12 Language and the Brain Neurolinguistics The study of the relationship between language and the brain is called neurolinguistics. Language Areas in the Brain The shaded areas indicate the general locations of those language functions involved in speaking and listening. Broca’s Area (1) is technically described as the “anterior speech cortex” or, more usually, as Broca’s area. Wernicke’s Area (2) is the “posterior speech cortex,” or Wernicke’s area. The Motor Cortex and the Arcuate Fasciculus -(3) is the motor cortex, an area that generally controls movement of the muscles (for moving hands, feet, arms, etc.). - (4) is a bundle of nerve fibers called the arcuate fasciculus. The Localization View It is tempting to conclude that specific aspects of language ability can be accorded specific locations in the brain. Tongue Tips and Slips The Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon The tip of the tongue phenomenon in which we feel that some word is just eluding us. When we make mistakes in t...